Basic knowledge of container transport operations

Containers in the import and export of goods used in a wide range of transport, the following are some of the common sense of container freight:

First, the container: the so-called container, refers to a certain strength, stiffness and specifications for the use of large-scale loading containers. The use of container transport cargo, can be directly in the consignor's warehouse loading, shipped to the consignee's warehouse unloading, half-way replacement car, the ship, no need to remove the goods from the box. According to the type of goods, there are grocery containers, bulk containers, liquid cargo containers, refrigerated containers, etc .; according to the manufacturing materials, wood containers, steel containers, aluminum containers, glass steel containers, stainless steel containers; , 10 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, Tons of containers, 2.5 tons of containers and so on.

Second, the container size: including container permanent annex, including the largest external container, wide, high size. It is to determine whether the container in the ship, chassis, trucks, rail vehicles between the main parameters of facelift. Is the transport sector must master an important technical information.

Third, the container size: the largest container within the long, wide, high size. The height is the distance from the bottom of the box to the bottom of the box top, and the width is the distance between the inner liner and the length of the inner door of the box door to the inner liner. It determines the volume of the container and the maximum size of the cargo in the box.

Fourth, the container volume: according to the size of the container to calculate the loading volume. The same specifications of the container, due to the structure and manufacturing materials, the volume of its slightly different. The container volume is the important technical information that the material department or other boxers must master.

Fifth, the container unit of calculation (referred to as TEU): also known as 20 feet conversion unit, is the calculation of the number of containers for the conversion unit. At present, most of the country's container transport, are used 20 feet and 40 feet long two containers. In order to calculate the number of container cases unified, the 20-foot container as a unit of calculation, 40-foot container as two units of calculation, in order to facilitate the unified calculation of container operation.

6, container rental: that is, all empty containers will be leased to the user's business. The owner of the container for the rental side of the container, with the user, usually the shipping company or the owner, for the lease party, the two sides signed a lease contract. By the lessor to provide qualified containers to the lessee within the agreed scope of use. Container leasing, there are many different ways in the world, summed up: the program rent, lease, rent and lease zone and so on.

Seven, the container handling area: the container transport, box or cargo handling exchange custody of the specific handling department. It is entrusted by the carrier or its agent to carry out the following business: the exchange of FCL, custody; with container freight stations, for the delivery of LCL; arrangements for container ship berthing, loading and unloading containers, The preparation of the container and the means of transport, the handling of the loading and unloading tool inspection, maintenance, and empty box (including the loading and unloading tool), the handling of the container, Cleaning, fumigation and other work; empty boxes of the transceiver, storage and storage; arrangements for empty boxes and heavy boxes in the yard stacking, and the preparation of the site allocation plan; other related business work. The container loading and unloading area is usually composed of special wharf, frontier, yard, freight station, command tower, repair department, gate and office. Sometimes yard or freight station, etc. can be extended to the city within 5 to 15 km transfer station.

8, the front of the container yard: refers to the container terminal in front of the ship to speed up the loading and unloading operations, the temporary stacking of the container site. Its role is: when the container ship to Hong Kong, there are plans in order to accumulate the requirements of the export container will be neatly stacked, unloading the container will be temporarily stacked in front of the dock in order to speed up the ship loading and unloading operations.

Nine, container rear yard: container heavy box or empty box for handover, storage and storage of the place. Some countries on the container yard and not in front of the yard or rear yard, collectively referred to as yard. The rear yard of the container is an integral part of the container handling area. Is the container transport "field to the scene" way of delivery of the whole box for the transfer of goods (actually in the container unloading area "gate" for the transfer).

10, empty container yard: specially for empty collection, storage, storage or transfer of the venue. It is designed for the container handling area or the yard of the yard is insufficient to be established. This yard does not handle heavy boxes or goods. It can be operated separately or by the container handling area. In some countries, operating such empty container yard shall be declared to the shipping association.

11. Transfer station or internal road station: Transit station or distribution center for container transportation outside harbor. Its role in addition to no container ship loading and unloading operations, the rest are the same with the container handling area business. Transit stations or inland stations, including inland transit stations, inland cities, inland ports, inland ports.

12, container freight station (referred to as CFS): for the LCL cargo box and unboxing of the ship, the goods for the transfer of both sides of the place. The carrier can only entrust an operator of a container freight station in a port or inland city. By which it represents the carrier for the following main business: LCL cargo tally and handover; on the appearance of the goods if there are abnormalities, for the endorsement; LCL cargo box stowage and packing; Unpacking and custody; on behalf of the carrier plus seal and the receipt of receipt; for the documents and the preparation and so on.

XIII, shipper's liability: the shipper in the container transport should have the responsibility, this responsibility is not exactly the same with the traditional shipping. The responsibility of the shipper shipper is the same as that of traditional sea. The responsibility of the shipper is different from that of the traditional transport: the correct and complete information of the reported cargo is guaranteed; the carrier has the right to check the goods loaded in the box, and the expenses incurred by the consignment shall be borne by the shipper; The other authorities open the box to check, the cost and the resulting cargo damage, by the shipper bear; such as container cargo dissatisfaction, or poor lining, stowage improperly, or loaded with not suitable for container transport of goods, resulting in If the shipper's own unseaworthy container is used, the cargo damage caused by the shipper shall be responsible for the damage caused by the shipper's container and the equipment. The third party's property Or damage to life, the shipper should be responsible for compensation.

14. Limitation of Liability: The maximum amount of compensation that the carrier should bear in the event of cargo damage in container transportation. The limitation of liability for LCL is the same as that of traditional transport. Formal box cargo compensation in accordance with the current international jurisprudence: If the bill of lading is not listed on the number of goods loaded in the box, each box as a unit of claim; if the bill of lading listed on the number of shipments, If the goods are damaged or destroyed, is not a sea, but in the inland transport occurred, according to the highest amount of land transport to pay; if the container is owned or provided by the shipper, in case of loss or damage, Its responsibility is indeed the carrier should bear, should also be regarded as a unit of claims calculation.